What causes cataracts in dogs?

• Genetic factors: Some cases of cataracts are hereditary, particularly in breeds like cocker spaniels, miniature poodles, and Siberian huskies. They can develop juvenile cataracts in these cases also, resulting in cataracts forming at a young age.

• Age-related cataracts: Just like humans, dogs can develop cataracts as a natural part of the ageing process.

• Trauma: Injury to the eye can cause cataracts to form as a response to damage.

• Underlying health conditions: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cataracts in dogs, as it can cause changes in the lens’s metabolism.

• Nutritional deficiencies: A lack of certain nutrients, especially in puppies, can speed up the development of cataracts.

Symptoms of cataracts in dogs

Early detection of cataracts is crucial for effective management. Common symptoms to look for include:

• Cloudy or bluish appearance of the eye: The most noticeable sign of cataracts is a visible cloudiness in one or both eyes.

• Difficulty seeing in low light: Dogs with cataracts might struggle to move around in dimly lit areas.

• Bumping into objects: Vision impairment can cause your dog to regularly bump into furniture or walls.

• Reluctance to climb stairs or jump: Changes in depth perception could cause your dog to become hesitant when doing everyday things.

• Eye irritation: Your dog may paw at their eyes, have weepy eyes, have inflammation of the eyes or show signs of discomfort. Immature (early stage) cataracts do not generally cause pain, but mature (advanced stage) cataracts can lead to problems with the eyes like increased pressure (Glaucoma) and inflammation (Uveitis).

Cataracts won’t resolve on their own and can worsen over time, so see your vet if you notice any symptoms.

Treatment options for canine cataracts

Treatment ultimately comes down to the severity of the condition and the overall health of your dog, but some options include:

Non-surgical management

In cases where cataracts are small or don’t majorly impact their vision, your vet might recommend monitoring the condition and managing any underlying health issues, such as diabetes. They may also prescribe eye ointments or drops if indicated, to control secondary inflammation or increased eye pressure.

Surgical intervention

The most effective treatment for cataracts is surgical removal of the cloudy lens, followed by the implantation of an artificial lens. This procedure, known as phacoemulsification, is similar to cataract surgery in humans and has a high success rate in restoring vision. However, it is a special type of surgery that should only be performed by a veterinary ophthalmologist.

Post-surgical care

After surgery, your dog will need fairly extensive post-operative care, including eye drops, to prevent infection and keep inflammation to a minimum. Make sure you follow your veterinarian’s instructions closely.

How to prevent cataracts in dogs

While not all cases of cataracts are preventable, there are some steps you can take to reduce your dog’s risk levels:

• Regular vet check-ups: Early detection of conditions like diabetes and Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism) can help prevent cataracts from developing.

• Protect your dog’s eyes: Try to prevent your dog from being exposed to direct sunlight for long periods and avoid situations/environments where eye trauma is a higher risk.

• Balanced diet: Ensure your dog is fed a complete and balanced diet with enough vitamins and minerals, especially antioxidants, which support eye health.